目錄 Part I General Features of a Scientific Research Paper
Chapter 1 Word Choice
1 1 Scientific words
1 2 British English or American English
1 3 Commonly confused words
1 4 Words for connecting ideas
1 5 Avoid uninformative words and avoid redundancy
1 6 Avoid emotive terms
1 7 Label consistently
1 8 Words matter
1 9 Adjectives and adverbs
1 9 1 Strings of adjectives
1 9 2 Adjectives in distinct sets
1 9 3 Adjectives in the same set
1 9 4 Hyphenated adjectives and adverbs
1 9 5 Adverb placement
1 10 Precision in word usage
1 10 1 Articles
1 10 2 Reference words and their antecedents
1 10 3 Unnecessary words
Chapter 2 Sentence Structure
2 1 Basic sentence patterns for EST
2 1 1 Simple sentence
2 1 2 Complex sentence
2 1 3 Compound sentence
2 1 4 Common problems relating to sentence structure
2 2 Qualifiers used in sentences
2 2 1 Cores and qualifiers
2 2 2 Three factors to consider when adding a qualifiers
2 3 Subordinate clauses used as qualifiers
2 3 1 「That」 and 「which」
2 3 2 Adverb and adjective clauses
2 4 Explanatory phrases, participle phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases
2 4 1 Explanatory phrases
2 4 2 Participle phrases
2 4 3 Major prepositional phrases
2 4 4 Infinitive phrase
2 5 Sentence with two qualifiers
2 5 1 Sentence form 4: qualifiers before and after the core
2 5 2 Sentence form 5: qualifiers before and within the core
2 5 3 Sentence form 6: qualifiers within and after the core
2 5 4 Sentence form 7: both qualifiers within the core
2 5 5 Sentence form 8: both qualifiers before the core
2 5 6 Sentence form 9: both qualifiers after the core
2 5 7 Sentence form 10: both qualifiers within the core
2 5 8 Nested qualifiers
2 6 Syntax characteristics of EST
2 6 1 No personal tendency
2 6 2 Long sentence
2 6 3 Useful sentence patterns
Chapter 3 Paragraph Structure
3 1 Basic paragraph patterns for EST
3 1 1 Basic paragraph structure
3 1 2 Transition words
3 1 3 Topic sentence
3 1 4 Criteria for dividing long paragraphs
3 2 Basic guidelines for paragraph design
3 3 Practice questions
Part II Drafting and Editing a Scientific Research Paper
Chapter 4 Framework of a Research Paper
4 1 Why publish a paper
4 2 Structure arrangement of a paper
Chapter 5 The Introduction: Reasons to Publish
5 1 The purpose of introduction section
5 2 Structure of introduction section
5 3 Basic sentence in introduction section
5 3 1 Establishing the importance of the topic
5 3 2 Referring to previous work to establish what is already known
5 3 3 Identifying a controversy within the field of study
5 3 4 Explaining the inadequacies of previous studies
5 3 5 Identifying the paucity or lack of previous research
5 3 6 Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
5 3 7 Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a paper
5 3 8 Describing the research design and the methods used
5 3 9 Explaining the significance of the current study
5 3 10 Outlining the structure of the paper or dissertation
5 4 Referring to literature
5 4 1 General comments on the relevant literature
5 4 2 Previous research: a historical perspective
5 4 3 Previous research: methodological approaches taken
5 4 4 Previous research: what has been established or proposed
5 4 5 Stating what is currently known about the topic
5 4 6 Reference to a previous investigation: researcher, time, investigation and topic prominent
5 4 7 Synthesizing material: supporting evidence or i
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