目錄
1 Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
1 1 Introduction
1 2 Classification of Nanomaterials
1 2 1 0-D Nanomaterials
1 2 2 1-D Nanomaterials
1 2 3 2-D Nanomaterials
1 2 4 3-D Nanomaterials
1 3 Nanotechnology
1 3 1 Scientific Vision and Compliance in the Field of Nanotechnology
1 3 2 Frontiers of Nanotechnology and the Vision for the Future
1 3 3 The Vision and Advancements in the Field of Nanotechnology
1 3 4 The Future of Nanotechnology
1 4 Environmental Nanotechnology
1 4 1 Green Nanotechnology
1 4 2 The Aim of Applying Nanotechnology in the Environment
1 5 Major Application of Environmental Nanotechnology
1 5 1 Air Purification
1 5 2 Water Purification
1 5 3 Nano Bioremediation
1 5 4 Soil Structure and Remediation
1 5 5 Future Prospects
References
2 Physical Synthesis Methods of Nanomaterials
2 1 Introduction
2 2 Sol-Gel Technique
2 3 Hydrothermal Technique
2 4 Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation
2 5 Solvent Displacement/Precipitation
2 6 Ball Milling or High-Energy Ball Milling
2 7 Sonochemical Synthesis
References
3 Chemical Synthesis Methods of Nanomaterials
3 1 Introduction
3 2 Chemical Reduction
3 3 Dialysis
3 4 Emulsification/Solvent Diffusion
3 5 Polymerization
3 6 Coacervation or Ionic Gelation
3 7 Chemical Co-Precipitation
References
4 Biological Synthesis Methods of Nanomaterials
4 1 Introduction
4 2 Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4 3 Silver Nanomaterials
4 4 Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles
4 5 Nickel Nanoparticles
4 5 1 Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using Alfalfa Leaves
4 5 2 Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta Indica
4 6 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
4 7 Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles
4 8 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
4 9 Synthesis of TiO Nanoparticles Using Planomicrobium sp
4 10 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Yeast
4 11 Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Algae
4 11 1 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Algae
4 11 2 Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Brown Marine Macroalga Sargassum Muticum
References
5 Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials
5 1 Introduction
5 2 Structural Characterization
5 2 1 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
5 2 2 Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
5 2 3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
5 2 4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
5 2 5 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
5 2 6 Gas Adsorption
5 3 Chemical Characterization
5 3 1 Optical Spectroscopy
5 3 2 Electron Spectroscopy
5 3 3 Ionic Spectrometry
5 4 Physical Properties of Nanomaterials
5 4 1 Melting Points and Lattice Constants
5 4 2 Mechanical Properties
5 4 3 Optical Properties
5 4 4 Electrical Properties
References
6 Application of Nanotechnology in Environmental Analysis and Monitoring
6 1 Introduction
6 2 Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Explosives
6 2 1 Introduction
6 2 2 Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Pesticides
6 2 3 Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Immunoassay of TNT
6 3 Advanced Nanosensors for Environmental Monitoring
6 3 1 Development of Nanostructured Sensing Materials
6 3 2 Biosensing Applications of Nanostructured Materials
References
7 Application of Nanotechnology in Environmental Pollution Control
7 1 Introduction
7 2 Application of Nanotechnology in Water Purification
7 2 1 Detection and Extraction of Pesticides from Drinking Water Using Nanotechnology
7 2 2 Nanotechnology for Contaminated Subsurface Remediation
7 2 3 Nanostructured Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Water Purification
7 2 4 Nanotechnology-Based Membranes for Water Purification
7 3 Application of Nanotechnology in Air Purification
References
8 Application of Nanotechnology in Resource Recovery in the Environment
8 1 Introduction
8 2 Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Disinfection and Microbial Control: Merits and Limitations
8 2 1 Introduction
8 2 2 Current and Potential Applications
8 2 3 Outlook on the Role of Nanotechnology in Microbial Control: Limitations and Research Needs
8 3 Customization and Multistage Nanofiltration Applications for Potable Water, Treatment, and Reuse
8 3 1 Nanofiltration for Potable Water
8 3 2 Nanofiltration for Water Treatment and Reuse
References
9 Application of Nanotechnology in the Generation of Energy in the Environment
9 1 Introduction
9 2 Application of Nanotechnology in Energy Sector
9 2 1 Energy Sources
9 2 2 Energy Conversion
9 2 3 Energy Transmission
9 2 4 Energy Storage
9 2 5 Energy Use
9 3 Nanotechnology and Solar Energy
9 3 1 Active Solar System for Energy
9 3 2 Fuel Cell
9 3 3 Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar (PV/T)
9 3 4 Solar Storage
References
10 Advantages of Nanotechnology in Environmental Application
10 1 Introduction
10 2 Benefits Through Environmental Technology Applications
10 2 1 Remediation/Treatment
10 2 2 Sensors